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obotBASIC is a line-oriented programming language. A program is a set of lines, where each line is either a blank line or a program statement. A line ends at the end of the line. In more technical jargon, a line ends with a CR+LF (Carriage Return + Line Feed). So a program is a collection of statements as shown in Fig. B.1.

You can leave out the ASCII armour option if you want to send or transfer the file as a binary attachment. Without --armour or -a options, gpg generates an encoded binary file, not an encoded text file. A binary file can only be transmitted through e-mail as an attachment. As noted previously, ASCII armour versions usually have an extension of .asc, whereas binary version use .gpg. When the other user receives the file, they can save it to a file named something like myfile.asc, and then decode the file with the -d option. The -o option will specify a file to save the decoded version in. GPG will automatically determine if it is a binary file or an ASCII armour version.

To create a KDE application, you simply create an object of type KApplication in your program before you define any other KDE objects. The class declaration for KApplication is contained in the kapp.h file. The definition of a KApplication object takes as its arguments

argc and argv. These operate as they do in C programs, referencing any command line arguments the user enters. The following example defines an application object called myapp:

NOTE:

KApplication myapp( argc, argv );

Declarations for different kinds of KDE and Qt objects are located in separate header files. Whenever you define an object of a particular type, be sure to include the header file that has its class declaration. For example, to create a main application window, you use KTMainWindow class, and you need to include the ktmainwindow.h header file.

100,000

Always refer to the help pages within the RobotBASIC IDE for the most upto-date information regarding material mentioned in this appendix.

The header files are also extremely helpful as a reference source. They list all the member functions for a particular class and include detailed comments describing each function and its use. The header files will be located in the KDE include directory. Currently for Red Hat, this is the standard include directory, /usr/include. On OpenLinux and other distributions, it may be the special KDE directory, such as /opt/kde/include. To define a main window for your application, you use the KTMainWindow class. The following example defines a main window object called mywin:

KTMainWindow mywin;

If you create an application where the main window is the primary interface and you want the application to close when that window closes, you have to make it the main widget for the application. To do this, you use the application object's setMainWidget function. The main widget could be any widget you want. Be sure to pass the address of the widget. You do this by preceding it with the address operator, the ampersand - &. The following example sets the main widget to be the mywin window. The address of the mywin widget is passed, &mywin.

A statement is what makes a RobotBASIC program achieve the tasks it is designed to accomplish. There are various types of statements:

myapp.setMainWidget(&mywin);

Tip If you are using a pointer to a widget as in the later program examples, you need only pass the pointer without using the address operator. A pointer already holds the address. When you define a widget, you will also be defining any of its member functions contained in its class declaration. See the developer.kde.org documentation for a complete description of all KDE class declarations, including their member functions. Many of these member functions are designed to let you change the display features of a widget, such as its color or initial size. For example, to control the display size of the KTMainWindow widget, you use its setGeometry function, as shown here:

Labels and comments can be combined on the same line with other statements (see below). A statement contains various other elements that help in achieving the functionality of the statement. These elements are:

mywin.setGeometry(100,100,200,100);

You have to explicitly instruct KDE to show any widget that you want displayed. To do this, you use your widget's show member function. For example, to have the mywin window display, you execute its show function as shown here:

mywin.show();

Simple variables Array variables Expressions, which contain further elements that constitute the expression. These elements are: variables Simplevariables Array Constants Strings Numbers, which are of the following types: Integer numbers Floating-point numbers Operators, which are of the following types: Parenthesis Mathematical operators Comparison (relational) operators Logical operators Bitwise operators Functions, which can contain expressions